The objectives of the present investigation are to prepare and evaluate drug loaded sustained release matrix tablets for “diabetes”, using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers, by applying 23 factorial designs. The sustained release tablets of Glimepiride were prepared employing different concentrations of Ethyl cellulose, HPMC K15M and Eudragit L100 in different combinations as a rate retarding polymer by wet granulation technique using 23 factorial designs. The quantity of polymers, Ethyl cellulose, HPMC K15M and Eudragit L100 required to achieve the desired drug release was selected as independent variables, X1, X2 and X3 respectively whereas, time required for 80% of drug dissolution (t80%) was selected as dependent variables. Totally eight formulations were designed and are evaluated for hardness, friability, diameter, thickness, % drug content, In-vitro drug release and In-vivo studies. From the Results it was concluded that all the formulation were found to be within the Pharmacopoeia limits and the In-vitro dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted in to different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) & regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for t80%. The formulation (F9) containing three polymers in optimized level using 23 factorial designs showed high t80% value of 24 hours. The selected formulation (F9) follows Higuchi’s kinetics, and the mechanism of drug release was found to be Anomalous type (Non-Fickian, n=0.5809).

The purpose of this research was to formulate and systematically evaluate in vitro performances of Midazolam microspheres. An attempt was made in the present study to deliver the drug in the form of microspheres. Microspheres can increase the site specific delivery system and possible to cross the body fluids like BBB, CSF, etc. Microspheres were prepared by the Emulsion Cross linking method using Eudragit E100 and Eudragit RL100.Microsphres were characterized by SEM, DSC, FTIR, Particle size analysis and evaluated for percentage yield, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release. FTIR and DSC studies showed that no chemical interaction occurred between the drug and polymers. The sphericity factor indicated that the prepared microspheres were spherical. Formulation F8 indicated a controlled in vitro drug release. The results indicated that the prepared Midazolam microspheres can be explored for controlled drug release.

Muthuchippi parpam a reputed siddha drug is used for Piles, Cough, Bronchitis and Fistula. In the present study, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of aqueous extract of Muthuchippi parpam was evaluated. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using reducing power/FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant potential assay), Inhibition of DPPH radical, ABTS radical cation decolorisation assay, Total phenolic content (TPC), and In vitro anti-lipid peroxidation assay using TBARS. Significant antioxidant activity was observed in all these assays. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of various concentrations of aqueous extract of Muthuchippi parpam against different bacteria were studied. S. typhi and K pnemoniae showed MIC at 3.125 mg/ml whereas, for E coli and P.aeruginosai MIC were 6.25 mg/ml for 12.5mg/ml respectively. B. subtilis did not show any growth at lowest concentration of 1.56 mg/ml. The MIC values of the various concentrations of aqueous extract of Muthuchippi parpam against different strains of fungi were tested. Aspergillus fumigatus showed MIC at 25 mg/ml whereas, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger showed MIC at 12.5 mg/ml each.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to prepare and characterize microspheres containing Ritonavir using Chitosan as the polymer. Methods: The Ritonavir loaded microspheres were prepared by Ionic gelation method. Microspheres of different core: coat ratio were prepared and characterize for process yield, loading efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, kinetic studies and stability studies. Results: The prepared microspheres were white, free flowing and spherical in shape. The infrared spectra and differential scanning colorimetry thermographs showed stable character of Ritonavir in the drug-loaded microspheres and revealed the absence of drug polymer interactions. The microspheres have a zeta potential 28 mV. The formulation with the initial ritonavir concentration of 0.5 mg/ml provided the highest loading capacity. The in vitro release behavior from all the drug loaded batches were found to follow first order and provided sustained release over a period of 24 h. No appreciable difference was observed in the extent of degradation of product during 90 days in which microspheres were stored at various temperatures. Conclusion: The best-fit release kinetics was achieved with First order followed by Higuchi plot. The release of Ritonavir was influenced by the drug to polymer ratio and particle size and was found to be diffusion controlled. According to the data obtained, this Chitosan-based microspheres opens new and interesting perspectives as drug carriers for treating the AIDS.

The present investigation was to develop controlled release formulation of Lamivudine loaded niosomal gel formulation and they were prepared by thin film hydration method using span 80 of different ratios and cholesterol. The formulation were optimized with above method with respect to compatibility studies, vesicle size, particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug content, in vitro release and release kinetics. The FT-IR and DSC investigation shows the drug and excipients were compatible. The In vitro release and release kinetics studies indicates that all the formulation exhibits retarded release for 24 hrs and it follows non- fickian diffusion mechanism with higuchi order release.