In a context characterized by persistent economic constraints and evolving healthcare systems, Law No. 2009-879 of July 21, 2009, known as the “Hospital, Patients, Health and Territories” Act, significantly expanded the public health missions assigned to community pharmacists in France. The objective of this study was to analyze the new paradigm of community pharmacy resulting from this reform. The methodology was based on a literature review including doctoral theses, scientific articles, institutional web resources and legislative texts, with a particular focus on the law. Data were collected from the Dumas, Theses.fr, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Légifrance databases. The results indicate that the law established a model centered on the expansion of pharmacists’ clinical and public health roles, particularly in prevention, therapeutic monitoring and care coordination. This evolution is illustrated by the development of vaccination services, organized screening programs especially for colorectal cancer and the use of rapid diagnostic tests. In addition, patient support mechanisms have been strengthened through pharmaceutical consultations, chronic disease management and assistance with transitions of care following hospital discharge. However, the sustainability of this new model depends on reinforced economic support, appropriate regulatory adaptations and continuous health economic evaluation of these expanded professional missions.
Background: Lung cancer remains the deadliest of all cancers worldwide, largely due to delayed diagnosis, fading treatment power, or harsh reactions from modern drugs. Instead of grand promises, silicon-based delivery systems – like mesoporous silica nanoparticles and porous silicon particles – are gaining attention for their ability to target tumours without harming surrounding cells. What sets them apart isn’t mere transport – they alter how therapies engage with biological environments, quietly merging therapeutic action with monitoring potential. Progress continues in understanding how these carriers influence cell-level behaviour, where accuracy defines outcomes.
Objective: This review and meta-analysis aim to understand how silicon nanoparticles affect lung cancer by diving into lab-based research. Not limited to tumour responses, attention spreads towards changes in immune activity triggered by the particles. Tracking where these tiny substances travel inside organisms forms another layer, relying on evidence gathered from animals. Alongside benefits, possible risks emerge - especially around toxicity and buildup in tissues. Practical relevance isn’t ignored; hints at future applicability surface quietly across the findings. Interpretation stays close to experimental outcomes without assuming immediate clinical leaps.
Method: A sweep through academic databases - PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane – took place, targeting work on silicon nanoparticle applications in lung cancer, spanning 2015 to 2025. Studies done in lab settings or animal models cut if they focused on those nanoparticles. Cell death rates, tumour growth control, shifts in oxidative stress markers and lifespan changes stood as central points of interest. For pooling results, random-effects modelling came into play, relying on Hedges’g when comparing averages, alongside hazard ratios wherever possible. Evaluation of study reliability drew from SYRCLE’s tool, Cochrane’s version 2.0 risk-of-bias framework, plus modified benchmarks suited to cell-level experiments.
Results: Out of thirty studies fitting the selection rules, just a tenth contributed numbers for pooled analysis. Treatments built on silicon nanoparticles strongly boosted cell death – effect size at 5.31, confidence interval stretching from 3.27 to 7.35 – and curbed tumour growth even more so, hitting 7.38 (CI: 3.12-11.64). Responses linked to oxidative stress and lifespan varied widely, shaped heavily by how each formula was put together. When tweaked chemically, these particles showed promise: they tamed immune reactions, reached specific tissues without spreading harmfully through the body, and broke down safely into orthosilicic acid, while showing lower overall damage to healthy systems. Still, flaws in the trial design and signs of exaggerated results from smaller reports surfaced repeatedly throughout the available research.
Conclusion: Still, the path from lab results to real-world use isn’t straightforward – SiNPs show notable activity against tumours while influencing immune responses in early lung cancer tests. Their safety record looks acceptable; imaging and treatment functions combine well within one platform. Yet consistency across experiments remains uneven. Without uniform methods, drawing firm conclusions gets harder. Progress demands more rigorous, repeatable research before these particles can move into human trials.
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a persistent neurodegenerative autoimmune disease, which is demyelinated through immunological means. Illegal interleukin-2 (IL-2) signalling is a therapeutic target because it is involved in the progression of the disease. Zinbryta (daclizumab) was designed to regulate the immune response in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.
Methods: The efficacy, mechanism of action and safety profile of daclizumab have been evaluated using evidence presented by pivotal clinical trials (SELECT, DECIDE), long-term extension studies (SELECTED) and post-marketing surveillance.
Results: Daclizumab resulted in a significant decrease in annualized relapses and magnetic resonance imaging-detectable disease activity, accompanied by an increase in CD56bright natural killer cell pools, which are associated with immune regulation. Prolonged research proved the long-term disease control and disability progression stabilization. Nevertheless, serious adverse events such as hepatotoxicity, cutaneous reactions, infections and immune-mediated encephalitis were frequent.
Conclusion: Although it has been demonstrated to be clinically effective, unacceptable side effects prompted a worldwide recall of daclizumab in 2018. The case identifies the significance of long-term safety observation and immunomodulation as an essential part of MS drug development.
